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VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) is a text-based 3D graphics language for describing virtual reality scenes and objects. It was originally released in 1994 to enable Internet users to browse and interactively navigate 3D models and create VR scenes. VRML files usually end with .wrl Enterprise Archive File and contain information about geometry, materials, animation, and interactivity with individual elements in the scene. These elements can be basic geometry such as spheres, cuboids, or cylinders, complex surface models or 3D mesh models with texture mapping. VRML files, when run in a browser, allow users to interact with the mouse and keyboard to browse, zoom, rotate, and pan 3D scenes. In addition, VRML also supports scripting, allowing developers to achieve higher levels of interactivity. Although VRML received a lot of attention in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has been replaced by most emerging 3D graphics technologies in web applications due to its more restricted use and backward technology. However, VRML is still considered an important historical milestone in the field of virtual reality.
The 3MF file is a modern 3D file format designed specifically for 3D printable models (additive manufacturing). It aims to be the successor to the popular traditional STL format (also a common format in 3D printing) to overcome its limitations.
The 3MF file format is based on XML and is compressed using standard Zip file compression to generate small, easy-to-transfer files. The format supports 3D meshes as well as all related materials and textures contained in the Zip file.